Components Of An Intervention Plan For Health Promotion Essay Discussion
Components Of An Intervention Plan For Health Promotion Essay Discussion
Intervention Plan Design
Intervention Plan Components
Following the PICOT question identified in the first part, the target members of the population for the intervention plan are pregnant women in the San Diego area of California who are at a high risk of gestational diabetes. With the objective being to improve the healthcare outcome for this demographic, this second part of the report is a detailed intervention plan design. Key components of the plan include the proposed remote patient monitoring and associated support such as ensuring its use is evidence-based, its performance meets standards of care as envisaged in the health care policy in the United States, and persistent communication to stakeholders such as patients, policymakers, and provider organizations. Throughout, the intervention plan is guided by core nursing theories and principles Components Of An Intervention Plan For Health Promotion Essay Discussion.
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Major Components of an Intervention Plan for Health Promotion
The intervention plan proposed for pregnant women in the San Diego area of California at risk of gestational diabetes has three main components. The objective of this intervention plan is to improve the health outcomes of the identified population. The first component is the adoption of an evidence-based action which in this case is remote patient monitoring. Remote patient monitoring is defined by Polsky et al. (2020) as a technological telehealth digital tool that reports, collects, and transmits patient data to healthcare providers who then evaluate it and determine interventions required. In this particular case, the proposed remote patient monitoring tools could come in the form of wearables, mobile devices, and smartphone-based applications (Malasinghe, Ramzan & Dahal, 2019). Pregnant women at risk of gestational diabetes will be constantly reminded through notification nudging to check important vital signs such as their weight and blood glucose levels and transfer them to their physicians for analysis. The second component is performance management. Aziz et al. (2020) advised that any intervention plan should be checked for effective performance with minimized negative impacts on patients. Following this, performance management of the proposed intervention is done through rigorous monitoring and evaluations in a bid to ascertain that it is a model that can be relied on and achieve the objective of improving health outcomes for patients. In addition to this, the healthcare provider adopting the proposed plan should be guided by the philosophy of continuous and persistent improvement which in this case implies telehealth program improvement. The third component is for the healthcare provider to make effective and constant communication to stakeholders on the intervention. The healthcare community and decision makers are keenly interested in changes taking place in the industry and they need to be kept abreast of new developments to keep them informed for one and secondly to ensure that the changes are in line with healthcare policy and standards of operation.
The Impact of Cultural Needs and Characteristics of a Target Population
The success of healthcare policy and innovations is impacted by culture and its components. In view of this, the use of the proposed telehealth tools, RPM, is expected to be received with a mixed reception by the target population. Su et al. (2020) stated that it must be understood that not everyone is savvy or conversant with the use of digital technology tools such as wearables and smartphone applications. San Diego is a multicultural community and people from different cultural backgrounds reside in the expansive city. Drawing from this, these different cultures have impacts on the way the target population perceives approaches to health promotion which in this case is telehealth. In truth, the collection and sharing of personal data collected using wearable devices and smartphones are not as easy for everyone and this is likely to offer a slight challenge to implementation. The characteristic of the target population that will have an impact on the intervention plan, probably acceptance, and adoption, is that they are at a relatively higher risk of gestational diabetes and would heed calls for using the RPM.
Theoretical Foundations
The proposed intervention plan is advised or influenced by core nursing models and theories. One such model is the patient-centered model. Uecker and Kinnaman (2021) commented that the patient-centered model is based on the principle that all patients are unique and have different cultural backgrounds. What this means is that healthcare should not be based on a static set of routines but should rather be based on understanding the individual needs of patients. Patient-centered care is manifested through the demonstration of respect for the values needs and preferences of all patients. The implementation of the proposed RPM plan will be guided by the patient-centered theory where opinions and preferences for the type of device will be considered Components Of An Intervention Plan For Health Promotion Essay Discussion.
A second theory that offers insights to the proposed intervention model plan is the cultural care model. According to Lee, Greenfield and Pappas (2018), the effectiveness and efficiency of healthcare to patients is best achieved when the providers acknowledge that cultural differences exist in society and among patients and use this diversity to develop a care plan for each patient. What this simply means is that healthcare interventions and approaches to care that providers issue and develop should be congruent with different cultures. As a priority, therefore, the proposed implementation should be guided by the cultural care theory in the sense that the cultural and religious practices of the patients should be highly prioritized.
Since the proposed remote patient monitoring technology requires support resources, it is important to mention that access to digital gadgets, the internet, and computers will be a huge plus. In California metropolitan areas of San Diego, Los Angeles, Santa Barbara, and San Francisco have very high smartphone and personal computer ownership at 86% and 81% respectively. These support technologies will make it more convenient for remote patient monitoring to be rolled out en masse.
One of the major components of the intervention plan is the introduction of remote patient monitoring. While its implementation will involve a lot of capital layout for providers and for patients, its long-term benefits are immense. Commenting on the proliferation of telehealth and telemedicine, Vora et al. (2020) have pointed out two important issues. Basing their findings during the height of the novel Covid-19, the researchers have mentioned that telehealth lessens the risk of disease transmission. When outpatient pregnant mothers adopt the use of RPM, they reduce the risks of being exposed to communicable diseases that are sometimes acquired in health care settings. The second issue that the researchers commented on is the freeing up of hospital resources. With an increase in the use of remote patient monitoring using the technologies mentioned, hospital resources are freed up enabling the providers to serve the neediest patients more and better. According to Malasinghe, Ramzan and Dahal (2019), the use of remote patient monitoring technology helps providers gain faster access to patient data and in effect respond to emerging trends and issues sooner.
Stakeholders, Policy, and Regulations
The implementation of any health promotion plan is impacted by external and internal elements. These elements are the stakeholders, healthcare policies, and regulations. To this end, there are a handful of stakeholder needs that prevail and the stakeholders that are referred to in the context of this implementation are patients, providers, and policymakers. Su et al. (2020) mentioned that while the patient’s need which in this case is pregnant women is to maintain good health and deliver babies with minimal health complications, care providers have a need to improve health outcomes for all their patient groups. For the policymakers, their interest is that healthcare resources and benefits be equitably distributed. Collectively looking at all these needs, they all point towards health practices that are modeled to address the different groups within the population. In the United States, provider organizations are compensated by third-party payers which in this case are private and public insurance companies. According to Zahmatkeshan et al. (2021), health policy in the country has been pushing towards increased coverage by insurance companies in an effort to provide care to as many people as possible including the less affluent. Drawing from this, regulations have been set for providers on all interventions intended at improving healthcare outcomes in the country. Suffice it to say, the promotion of remote patient monitoring as a component of telehealth will be analyzed from the perspective of meeting key standards of practice and use.
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Ethical and Legal Implications
Whenever a change is proposed or considered in healthcare, consideration must be put into the ethical and legal issues. Following this, key ethical and legal issues related to telehealth and specifically the use of remote patient monitoring, are rules and standards. The rationale for this is that such an implementation should at all times guarantee equitability of access, quality of care, and realistic costs. The fact that the RPM is intended at facilitating care means that it should a better alternative than the traditional physical visits to provider institutions. An equally important ethical issue is the privacy of patients (Polsky et al., 2020). Even as providers are called upon to increase the use of remote technological tools, they must at all times be respectful of patient privacy. On this, a legal issue that emerges is data privacy. It is crucial that providers put in place systems that guarantee that patient data breach likelihood is lessened. It is suggested that the transmitted data is fully encrypted to protect it from unauthorized persons.
References
Aziz, A., Zork, N., Aubey, J. J., Baptiste, C. D., D’alton, M. E., Emeruwa, U. N., … & Friedman, A. M. (2020). Telehealth for High-Risk Pregnancies in the Setting of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Amerfican journal of perinatology, 37(08), 800-808. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-171212
Lee, P. A., Greenfield, G., & Pappas, Y. (2018). The impact of telehealth remote patient monitoring on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials. BMC health services research, 18(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-3274-8 Components Of An Intervention Plan For Health Promotion Essay Discussion
Malasinghe, L. P., Ramzan, N., & Dahal, K. (2019). Remote patient monitoring: a comprehensive study. Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing, 10(1), 57-76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-017-0598-x
Polsky, S., Garcetti, R., Pyle, L., Joshee, P., Demmitt, J. K., & Snell-Bergeon, J. K. (2020). Continuous glucose monitor use with and without remote monitoring in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes: A pilot study. PloS one, 15(4), e0230476. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230476
Su, D., Michaud, T. L., Estabrooks, P., Schwab, R. J., Eiland, L. A., Hansen, G., … & Siahpush, M. (2019). Diabetes management through remote patient monitoring: the importance of patient activation and engagement with the technology. Telemedicine and e-Health, 25(10), 952-959. https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2018.0205
Uecker, M., & Kinnaman, J. (2021). A Comprehensive Analysis of the Importance and Implementation of Telehealth Behavioral Services in Rural Areas & Schools.
Vora, N. L., Hardisty, E., Coviello, E., & Stuebe, A. (2020). Telehealth to provide prenatal genetics services: Feasibility and importance revealed during global pandemic. Prenatal diagnosis, 40(8), 1040. https://doi.org/10.1002/pd.5716
Zahmatkeshan, M., Zakerabasali, S., Farjam, M., Gholampour, Y., Seraji, M., & Yazdani, A. (2021). The use of mobile health interventions for gestational diabetes mellitus: a descriptive literature review. Journal of medicine and life, 14(2), 131. https://doi.org/10.25122/jml-2020-0163 Components Of An Intervention Plan For Health Promotion Essay Discussion