Alterations In The Cardiovascular And Respiratory Systems Assignment

Alterations In The Cardiovascular And Respiratory Systems Assignment

Scenario 1

76-year-old female patient complains of weight gain, shortness of breath, peripheral edema, and abdominal swelling. She has a history of congestive heart failure and admits to not taking her diuretic, as it makes her “have to get up every couple hours to go to the bathroom.” She now has to sleep on two pillows in order to get enough air Alterations In The Cardiovascular And Respiratory Systems Assignment.

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Alterations in the Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems

The cardiovascular and respiratory systems are related to the human body because they provide the cells and tissues with the oxygen and nutrients they need to function. Care providers can experience challenges in caring for patients with altered cardiovascular and respiratory systems hence should have adequate knowledge of the treatment required (Shibata et al., 2022). The purpose of this paper is to discuss the cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary processes causing the patient’s symptom; processes interact to affect the patient and racial/ethical variables, which may alter physiologic functioning.

Cardiovascular And Cardiopulmonary Pathophysiologic Processes That Result in the Patient’s Presenting Symptoms

            The 76-year-old female patient in the case scenario experiences symptoms such as weight gain, peripheral edema, and abdominal swelling, which are indicative of cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary problems. The cardiovascular process that contributes to the patient’s symptoms is congestive heart failure (CHF), a condition in which the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs resulting accumulation of blood around the heart, making its muscles weaker. Peripheral edema due to CHF is the swelling that occurs when fluid accumulates in the extremities, most often in the legs and feet. Peripheral edema indicates increased fluid retention caused by congestive heart failure. Weight gain and swelling in the abdomen are significantly influenced by congestive heart failure.

The cardiopulmonary process that influences the patient’s symptoms is pulmonary edema, fluid accumulation in the air spaces of the lungs. The fluid originates from the blood and accumulates in the alveoli, where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged. In congestive heart failure, the heart muscles do not pump enough blood from the lungs to other body parts; hence, fluid accumulates. The process is responsible for shortness of breath and shallow breathing patterns. The 76-year-old female patient also reports using two pillows may help the patient get more air and avoid fluid accumulation in her lungs Alterations In The Cardiovascular And Respiratory Systems Assignment.

How These Processes Interact To Affect the Patient

The cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary processes interact to affect the patient in several ways. Peripheral edema from fluids movement into extravascular spaces limits the patient’s mobility (McCance & Huether, 2019). Pulmonary edema causes shortness of breath related to limited space for lung expansion and gaseous exchange. Notably, the processes interact to that restrict patient mobility and cause discomfort and restlessness.

Racial/Ethnic Variables That May Impact Physiological Functioning

            The patient’s ethnicity or race may be factored into her health problems. Studies show that HF has a racial preference, evidenced by a 25% higher prevalence of heart disease among people of African-American descent than Caucasians in the US (Malik et al., 2021). There is a higher incidence of heart failure among African-Americans, Native Americans, and Hispanics. There may be genetic differences between African Americans and other races that are contributing to the development of this condition. According to Zheng et al. (2022), environmental factors, such as exposure to toxins or unhealthy lifestyle choices, are more common among people of African descent and may increase the susceptibility to cardiopulmonary and cardiovascular alterations.

In summary, cardiopulmonary and cardiovascular alteration requires adequate knowledge of nurses and physicians to determine appropriate management. The 76-year-old female patient in the case scenario experiences weight gain due to excess fluid volume in the body parts such as the lungs, abdomen, and peripheral tissues related to congestive heart failure. Overall, cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary processes interact to cause a patient’s symptoms. The two processes influencing the patient’s symptoms were congestive heart failure and pulmonary edema. Racial and ethnic factors can also impact a patient’s physiologic functioning.

Scenario 1: 76-year-old female patient complains of weight gain, shortness of breath, peripheral edema, and abdominal swelling. She has a history of congestive heart failure and admits to not taking her diuretic, as it makes her “have to get up every couple hours to go to the bathroom.” She now has to sleep on two pillows in order to get enough air.

 

Alterations in the Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems
Cardiovascular and respiratory disorders can quickly become dangerous healthcare matters, and they routinely land among the leading causes of hospital admissions. Disorders in these areas are complicated by the fact that these two systems work so closely as contributors to overall health. APRNs working to form a similarly close partnership with patients must demonstrate not only support and compassion, but expertise to guide the understanding of diagnoses and treatment plans. This includes an understanding of patient medical backgrounds, relevant characteristics, and other variables that can be factors in their diagnoses and treatments.
This week, you examine alterations in the cardiovascular and respiratory systems and the resultant disease processes. You also consider patient characteristics, including racial and ethnic variables, and the impact they have on altered physiology.
Learning Objectives
Students will:
• Analyze processes related to cardiovascular and respiratory disorders
• Analyze alterations in the cardiovascular and respiratory systems and the resultant disease processes
• Analyze racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning
• Evaluate the impact of patient characteristics on disorders and altered physiology Alterations In The Cardiovascular And Respiratory Systems Assignment
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Learning Resources

Required Readings (click to expand/reduce)

McCance, K. L. & Huether, S. E. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby/Elsevier.
• Chapter 32: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems; Summary Review
• Chapter 33: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function (stop at Dysrhythmias); Summary Review
• Chapter 35: Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System; Summary Review
• Chapter 36: Alterations of Pulmonary Function (stop at Disorders of the chest wall and pleura); (obstructive pulmonary diseases) (stop at Pulmonary artery hypertension); Summary Review
Note: The above chapters were first presented in the Week 3 resources. If you read them previously you are encouraged to review them this week.

Inamdar, A. A. & Inamdar, A. C. (2016). Heart failure: Diagnosis, management, and utilization, 5(7). doi:10.3390/jcm5070062

Note: The above article was first presented in the Week 3 resources. If you read it previously you are encouraged to review it this week.
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Module 2 Assignment: Case Study Analysis
An understanding of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems is a critically important component of disease diagnosis and treatment. This importance is magnified by the fact that these two systems work so closely together. A variety of factors and circumstances that impact the emergence and severity of issues in one system can have a role in the performance of the other.
Effective disease analysis often requires an understanding that goes beyond these systems and their capacity to work together. The impact of patient characteristics, as well as racial and ethnic variables, can also have an important impact.

 

An understanding of the symptoms of alterations in cardiovascular and respiratory systems is a critical step in diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. For APRNs this understanding can also help educate patients and guide them through their treatment plans.
In this Assignment, you examine a case study and analyze the symptoms presented. You identify the elements that may be factors in the diagnosis, and you explain the implications to patient health.
To prepare:
By Day 1 of this week, you will be assigned to a specific case study scenario for this Case Study Assignment. Please see the “Course Announcements” section of the classroom for your assignment from your Instructor.
Assignment (1- to 2-page case study analysis)
In your Case Study Analysis related to the scenario provided, explain the following
• The cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes that result in the patient presenting these symptoms.
• Any racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning.
• How these processes interact to affect the patient.

Reminder: The College of Nursing requires that all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and references.

PLEASE FOLLOW THE BELOW RUBRICS FOR THE ASSIGNMENT. USE 7TH EDITION APA FOR WRITING, REFERENCECS AND CTATIONS. INTEXT CITATION IS REQUIRED. DO NOT USE ANY BOOK MORE THAN 5 YEARS OLD FOR THIS ASSIGNMENT.

Scenario 1 CASE STUDY: 76-year-old female patient complains of weight gain, shortness of breath, peripheral edema, and abdominal swelling. She has a history of congestive heart failure and admits to not taking her diuretic, as it makes her “have to get up every couple hours to go to the bathroom.” She now has to sleep on two pillows in order to get enough air.
USE THS SCENERIO CASE STUDY FOR THIS ASSIGNMENT Alterations In The Cardiovascular And Respiratory Systems Assignment

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NURS_6501_Module2_Case Study_Assignment_Rubric

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Excellent Good Fair Poor
Develop a 1- to 2-page case study analysis, examing the patient symptoms presented in the case study. Be sure to address the following:

Explain both the cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes of why the patient presents these symptoms. 28 (28%) – 30 (30%)
The response accurately and thoroughly describes the patient symptoms.

The response includes accurate, clear, and detailed reasons, with explanation for both the cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes supported by evidence and/or research, as appropriate, to support the explanation. 25 (25%) – 27 (27%)
The response describes the patient symptoms.

The response includes accurate reasons, with explanation for both the cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes supported by evidence and/or research, as appropriate, to support the explanation. 23 (23%) – 24 (24%)
The response describes the patient symptoms in a manner that is vague or inaccurate.

The response includes reasons for the cardiovascular and/or cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes, with explanations that are vague or based on inappropriate evidence/research. 0 (0%) – 22 (22%)
The response describes the patient symptoms in a manner that is vague and inaccurate, or the description is missing.

The response does not include reasons for either the cardiovascular or cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes, or the explanations are vague or based on inappropriate or no evidence/research.
Explain how the cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes interact to affect the patient. 28 (28%) – 30 (30%)
The response includes an accurate, complete, detailed, and specific explanation of how the cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes interact to affect the patient. 25 (25%) – 27 (27%)
The response includes an accurate explanation of how the cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes interact to affect the patient. 23 (23%) – 24 (24%)
The response includes a vague or inaccurate explanation of how the cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes interact to affect the patient. 0 (0%) – 22 (22%)
The response includes a vague or inaccurate explanation of how the cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes interact to affect the patient.
Explain any racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning. 23 (23%) – 25 (25%)
The response includes an accurate, complete, detailed, and specific explanation of racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning supported by evidence and/or research, as appropriate, to support the explanation. 20 (20%) – 22 (22%)
The response includes an accurate explanation of racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning supported by evidence and/or research, as appropriate, to support the explanation. 18 (18%) – 19 (19%)
The response includes a vague or inaccurate explanation of racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning, and/or explanations based on inappropriate evidence/research. 0 (0%) – 17 (17%)
The response includes a vague or inaccurate explanation of racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning, or the explanations are based on inappropriate or no evidence/research.
Written Expression and Formatting – Paragraph Development and Organization:
Paragraphs make clear points that support well-developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused—neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement and introduction are provided that delineate all required criteria. 5 (5%) – 5 (5%)
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity.

A clear and comprehensive purpose statement, introduction, and conclusion are provided that delineate all required criteria. 4 (4%) – 4 (4%)
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 80% of the time.

Purpose, introduction, and conclusion of the assignment are stated, yet are brief and not descriptive. 3 (3%) – 3 (3%)
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 60%–79% of the time.

Purpose, introduction, and conclusion of the assignment are vague or off topic. 0 (0%) – 2 (2%)
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity < 60% of the time.

No purpose statement, introduction, or conclusion were provided.
Written Expression and Formatting – English Writing Standards:
Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation 5 (5%) – 5 (5%)
Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors. 4 (4%) – 4 (4%)
Contains a few (1 or 2) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. 3 (3%) – 3 (3%)
Contains several (3 or 4) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. 0 (0%) – 2 (2%)
Contains many (≥ 5) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding.
Written Expression and Formatting – The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, running heads, parenthetical/in-text citations, and reference list. 5 (5%) – 5 (5%)
Uses correct APA format with no errors. 4 (4%) – 4 (4%)
Contains a few (1 or 2) APA format errors. 3 (3%) – 3 (3%)
Contains several (3 or 4) APA format errors. 0 (0%) – 2 (2%)
Contains many (≥ 5) APA format errors.
Total Points: 100
Name: NURS_6501_Module2_Case Study_Assignment_Rubric Alterations In The Cardiovascular And Respiratory Systems Assignment

References

Malik, A., Brito, D., Vaqar, S., Chhabra, L., & Doerr, C. (2021). Congestive Heart Failure (Nursing). In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK574497/

McCance, K. L. & Huether, S. E. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby/Elsevier.

Shibata, T., Oishi, S., Mizuno, A., Ohmori, T., Okamura, T., Kashiwagi, H., … & Fukumoto, Y. (2022). Evaluation of the effectiveness of the physician education program on primary palliative care in heart failure. Plos one, 17(2), e0263523. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263523

Zheng, R., Xu, Y., Li, M., Lu, J., Xu, M., Wang, T., … & Ning, G. (2022). Pan‐risk factor for a comprehensive cardiovascular health management. Journal of Diabetes, 14(3), 179-191. https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-0407.13258 Alterations In The Cardiovascular And Respiratory Systems Assignment