Case Study On Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Approaches to Acute Decompensated Heart Failure

Case Study On Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Approaches to Acute Decompensated Heart Failure

Case study

Patient Scenario

A 76-year-old female patient presents with shortness of breath, weight gain, peripheral edema, and abdominal swelling. she is known to have congestive heart failure and denies taking her antidiuretic medications which make her get up every couple of hours. she reports that she must sleep on two pillows to get enough air Case Study On Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Approaches to Acute Decompensated Heart Failure.

PLACE YOUR ORDER HERE

Cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes

The patient is in acute decompensated heart failure which is the abrupt exacerbation of heart failure symptoms that usually arises from cardiogenic pulmonary edema with fluid build-up in the lungs. Patients tend to present with fluid retention and congestion signs and symptoms such as; orthopnoea, weight gain, and, exertional dyspnea. The most common precipitants include; poorly controlled hypertension, non-compliance to medications or dietary restrictions, arrhythmias ischemia, and others (Njoroge & Teerlink, 2021). In ADHF, there is an altered balance between preload, afterload, neurohormonal signaling and, intrinsic inotropy which leads to arterial and venous congestion and vasoconstriction increased intracardiac filling pressure and, depressed inotropy.

Racial/ethnic variables and how they interact

Research studies have shown that African Americans with underlying heart failure have a higher mortality and hospitalization rate as compared to other races (Miller et al., 2021). Some of the associated risks include social-economic status, disease severity, and underlying comorbidities.

Heart failure is mostly associated with hypertension and diabetes in black patients and this may be explained by having a higher fasting blood glucose, higher dietary caloric and salt intake, BMI, triglyceride, and HDL cholesterol levels (Hammond et al., 2016). Many studies have reported that race-related differences in risks and clinical outcomes are not clearly understood Case Study On Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Approaches to Acute Decompensated Heart Failure.

Scenario: 76-year-old female patient complains of weight gain, shortness of breath, peripheral edema, and abdominal swelling. She has a history of congestive heart failure and admits to not taking her diuretic, as it makes her “have to get up every couple hours to go to the bathroom.” She now must sleep on two pillows in order to get enough air.

In your Case Study Analysis related to the scenario provided, explain the following:

The cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes that result in the patient presenting these symptoms.
Any racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning.
How these processes interact to affect the patient.
A paragraph and at least 3 primary references are needed to support your points (peer-reviewed current articles, classroom textbook)

References

Hammond, D. A., Smith, M. N., Lee, K. C., Honein, D., & Quidley, A. M. (2016). Acute Decompensated Heart Failure. Journal of Intensive Care Medicine, 33(8), 456–466. https://doi.org/10.1177/0885066616669494

Miller, T., Carter, S. V., & Smith, B. A. (2021). Disparities in acute decompensated heart failure. Current Opinion in Cardiology, 36(3), 335–339. https://doi.org/10.1097/hco.0000000000000856

Njoroge, J. N., & Teerlink, J. R. (2021). Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Approaches to Acute Decompensated Heart Failure. Circulation Research, 128(10), 1468–1486. https://doi.org/10.1161/circresaha.121.318186 Case Study On Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Approaches to Acute Decompensated Heart Failure