Health Conditions and Implications For Women Discussion

Health Conditions and Implications For Women Discussion

Hypertension in Women

High blood pressure, often known as hypertension, is a frequent illness where the blood’s long-term force against the walls of the arteries is so great that it may eventually result in health issues like heart disorders (Mills et al., 2020). Hypertension is usually considered when the blood pressure is above 140/90, and in severe cases when the pressure is above 180/120. Symptoms of hypertension include abnormal heart rhythms, headaches in the early mornings, ear buzzing, nosebleeds, and vision abnormalities (Mills et al., 2020). In severe hypertension cases, patients may feel symptoms such as chest pain, fatigue, anxiety, confusion, nausea, vomiting, and trembling of the muscles Health Conditions and Implications For Women Discussion.

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Diagnostic tests include the measurement of blood pressure where results above 140/90 are considered hypertension while results above 180/120 are considered severe hypertension.  Electrocardiogram (ECG) is the gold standard for the assessment of hypertension. It is a fast and painless test that measures the electrical activity of the heart (Mandras et al., 2020). Also, an echocardiogram that utilizes sound waves to produce images of the heart and chest radiography are used to assess more signs of heart diseases. Other diagnostic tests include urinalysis and blood tests such as blood sugar levels, cholesterol tests, and CBC among others depending on the signs and symptoms (Peixoto, 2019). The common treatment for hypertension includes Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors such as lisinopril, calcium channel blockers such as amlodipine, diuretics such as hydrochlorothiazide, and Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) such as candesartan and losartan (Butalia et al., 2018).

Methyldopa, labetalol, and nifedipineare are the most common hypertension medications for women of reproductive age (Boffa et al., 2019). Although angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are considered the most effective in the management of hypertension, they are contraindicated during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy due to their increased risk of fetal renal damage. The woman should be counseled to adhere to an appropriate diet which includes consuming a diet rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy products, less saturated fat and cholesterol, less salt, and quitting smoking and alcohol consumption (Boffa et al., 2019).

References

Boffa, R. J., Constanti, M., Floyd, C. N., & Wierzbicki, A. S. (2019). Hypertension in adults: Summary of updated NICE guidance. BMJ, l5310. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l5310

Butalia, S., Audibert, F., Côté, A., Firoz, T., Logan, A. G., Magee, L. A., Mundle, W., Rey, E., Rabi, D. M., Daskalopoulou, S. S., & Nerenberg, K. A. (2018). Hypertension Canada’s 2018 guidelines for the management of hypertension in pregnancy. Canadian Journal of Cardiology, 34(5), 526-531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjca.2018.02.021

Mandras, S. A., Mehta, H. S., & Vaidya, A. (2020). Pulmonary hypertension: A brief guide for clinicians. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 95(9), 1978-1988. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.04.039

Mills, K. T., Stefanescu, A., & He, J. (2020). The global epidemiology of hypertension. Nature Reviews Nephrology, 223–237. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41581-019-0244-2

Peixoto, A. J. (2019). Acute severe hypertension. N Engl J Med, 381, 1843-1852. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMcp1901117 Health Conditions and Implications For Women Discussion

Hypertension in Women

High blood pressure, often known as hypertension, is a frequent illness where the blood’s long-term force against the walls of the arteries is so great that it may eventually result in health issues like heart disorders (Mills et al., 2020). Hypertension is usually considered when the blood pressure is above 140/90, and in severe cases when the pressure is above 180/120. Symptoms of hypertension include abnormal heart rhythms, headaches in the early mornings, ear buzzing, nosebleeds, and vision abnormalities (Mills et al., 2020). In severe hypertension cases, patients may feel symptoms such as chest pain, fatigue, anxiety, confusion, nausea, vomiting, and trembling of the muscles.

Diagnostic tests include the measurement of blood pressure where results above 140/90 are considered hypertension while results above 180/120 are considered severe hypertension.  Electrocardiogram (ECG) is the gold standard for the assessment of hypertension. It is a fast and painless test that measures the electrical activity of the heart (Mandras et al., 2020). Also, an echocardiogram that utilizes sound waves to produce images of the heart and chest radiography are used to assess more signs of heart diseases. Other diagnostic tests include urinalysis and blood tests such as blood sugar levels, cholesterol tests, and CBC among others depending on the signs and symptoms (Peixoto, 2019). The common treatment for hypertension includes Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors such as lisinopril, calcium channel blockers such as amlodipine, diuretics such as hydrochlorothiazide, and Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) such as candesartan and losartan (Butalia et al., 2018).

Methyldopa, labetalol, and nifedipineare are the most common hypertension medications for women of reproductive age (Boffa et al., 2019). Although angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are considered the most effective in the management of hypertension, they are contraindicated during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy due to their increased risk of fetal renal damage. The woman should be counseled to adhere to an appropriate diet which includes consuming a diet rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy products, less saturated fat and cholesterol, less salt, and quitting smoking and alcohol consumption (Boffa et al., 2019).

References

Boffa, R. J., Constanti, M., Floyd, C. N., & Wierzbicki, A. S. (2019). Hypertension in adults: Summary of updated NICE guidance. BMJ, l5310. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l5310

Butalia, S., Audibert, F., Côté, A., Firoz, T., Logan, A. G., Magee, L. A., Mundle, W., Rey, E., Rabi, D. M., Daskalopoulou, S. S., & Nerenberg, K. A. (2018). Hypertension Canada’s 2018 guidelines for the management of hypertension in pregnancy. Canadian Journal of Cardiology, 34(5), 526-531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjca.2018.02.021

Mandras, S. A., Mehta, H. S., & Vaidya, A. (2020). Pulmonary hypertension: A brief guide for clinicians. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 95(9), 1978-1988. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.04.039

Mills, K. T., Stefanescu, A., & He, J. (2020). The global epidemiology of hypertension. Nature Reviews Nephrology, 223–237. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41581-019-0244-2

Peixoto, A. J. (2019). Acute severe hypertension. N Engl J Med, 381, 1843-1852. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMcp1901117 Health Conditions and Implications For Women Discussion

Hypertension in Women

High blood pressure, often known as hypertension, is a frequent illness where the blood’s long-term force against the walls of the arteries is so great that it may eventually result in health issues like heart disorders (Mills et al., 2020). Hypertension is usually considered when the blood pressure is above 140/90, and in severe cases when the pressure is above 180/120. Symptoms of hypertension include abnormal heart rhythms, headaches in the early mornings, ear buzzing, nosebleeds, and vision abnormalities (Mills et al., 2020). In severe hypertension cases, patients may feel symptoms such as chest pain, fatigue, anxiety, confusion, nausea, vomiting, and trembling of the muscles.

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Diagnostic tests include the measurement of blood pressure where results above 140/90 are considered hypertension while results above 180/120 are considered severe hypertension.  Electrocardiogram (ECG) is the gold standard for the assessment of hypertension. It is a fast and painless test that measures the electrical activity of the heart (Mandras et al., 2020). Also, an echocardiogram that utilizes sound waves to produce images of the heart and chest radiography are used to assess more signs of heart diseases. Other diagnostic tests include urinalysis and blood tests such as blood sugar levels, cholesterol tests, and CBC among others depending on the signs and symptoms (Peixoto, 2019). The common treatment for hypertension includes Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors such as lisinopril, calcium channel blockers such as amlodipine, diuretics such as hydrochlorothiazide, and Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) such as candesartan and losartan (Butalia et al., 2018).

Methyldopa, labetalol, and nifedipineare are the most common hypertension medications for women of reproductive age (Boffa et al., 2019). Although angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are considered the most effective in the management of hypertension, they are contraindicated during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy due to their increased risk of fetal renal damage. The woman should be counseled to adhere to an appropriate diet which includes consuming a diet rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy products, less saturated fat and cholesterol, less salt, and quitting smoking and alcohol consumption (Boffa et al., 2019) Health Conditions and Implications For Women Discussion.

References

Boffa, R. J., Constanti, M., Floyd, C. N., & Wierzbicki, A. S. (2019). Hypertension in adults: Summary of updated NICE guidance. BMJ, l5310. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l5310

Butalia, S., Audibert, F., Côté, A., Firoz, T., Logan, A. G., Magee, L. A., Mundle, W., Rey, E., Rabi, D. M., Daskalopoulou, S. S., & Nerenberg, K. A. (2018). Hypertension Canada’s 2018 guidelines for the management of hypertension in pregnancy. Canadian Journal of Cardiology, 34(5), 526-531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjca.2018.02.021

Mandras, S. A., Mehta, H. S., & Vaidya, A. (2020). Pulmonary hypertension: A brief guide for clinicians. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 95(9), 1978-1988. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.04.039

Mills, K. T., Stefanescu, A., & He, J. (2020). The global epidemiology of hypertension. Nature Reviews Nephrology, 223–237. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41581-019-0244-2

Peixoto, A. J. (2019). Acute severe hypertension. N Engl J Med, 381, 1843-1852. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMcp1901117  Health Conditions and Implications For Women Discussion