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NURS 6521 Discussion: Diabetes and Drug Treatments Example

Introduction – NURS 6521 Discussion: Diabetes and Drug Treatments Example

For this week’s forum I will focus on type 2 diabetes also known as non-insulin-dependent diabetes and how it differentiates from type 1 diabetes (Inuslin-dependent) and gestational diabetes (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2021). Diabetes is the most common endocrine disorder and the seventh leading cause of death and has significant acute and long term complications (CDC, 2020). I chose to focus on type 2 diabetes since it accounts for 90% to 95% of all diagnosed cases (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2021). Since diabetes is such a prevalent disorder affecting a significant amount of the population it is important for aspiring practitioners to familiarize themselves with treatment and maintenance of this disorder.

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Drug Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes

Under normal circumstances in individuals without diabetes type 2 the pancreatic B cells would secrete insulin when stimulated by a rise in blood glucose, but in an individual with type 2 diabetes their body becomes increasingly insulin resistant or deficient (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2021). In individuals who are insulin deficient or resistant hyperglycemia will occur. Insulin functions in managing diabetes by stimulating cellular uptake of glucose, amino acids, nucleotides, and potassium and promoting synthesis of organic molecules hence lowering the blood glucose (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2021) NURS 6521 Discussion: Diabetes and Drug Treatments Example.

Insulin comes in various types typically short acting insulin (Lispro) is used for type 2 diabetes and should be administered prior to consuming meals since effects occur within 15-30 minutes (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2021). Depending on which type of insulin in prescribed there are different onsets and durations of them. The goal of insulin therapy is to keep the blood glucose within an acceptable range and requires extensive participation on the patient’s end such as careful attention to diet, exercise, and self-monitoring blood glucose (ADA, 2019). Patients should be educated on the potential complications of insulin therapy which can be hypoglycemia characterized by blood glucose less than seventy associated with symptoms like sweating, palpitations, headache, confusion, drowsiness, and can lead to severe effects such as coma and death (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2021).

Long-term effects of diabetes can lead to organ damage most typically retinopathy, kidney damage, and cardio vascular diseases (ADA, 2019). Uncontrolled diabetes can also predispose people to severe infections, slower healing, and foot ulcers.

Diet can play a key role in the management of type 2 diabetes the ADA (2019) recommends higher intakes of nuts, berries, yogurt, coffee, and tea which can be associated with reduced diabetic complications. Low calorie and low carb intake are also highly recommended in diabetics (ADA, 2019).  Individuals should avoid excessive alcohol consumption as this can lead to hyperglycemia and should abide by 1 drink per day (ADA, 2019).

Types of Diabetes

As it is established above that type 2 diabetes is characterized by the body becoming increasing inuslin deficient or reistant to insulin it is important to discuss the other types of diabetes such as type 1 and gestational diabetes type 1 diabetes (insulin dependent) is a disorder that typically is found in childhood or adolescence characterized by the an autoimmune response that destroys the pancreatic b cells which are responsible for insulin synthesis (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2021). Gestational diabetes is diabetes that occurs during pregnancy and quickly subsides after delivery of the child (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2021).

 

References

ADA. (2019). Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2019 Abridged for Primary Care Providers. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6336119

CDC. (2020). National Diabetes Statistics Report, 2020. Retrieved from: https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/data/statistics-report/index.html

Rosenthal, L., & Burchum, J. (2021). Lehne’s Pharmacotherapeutics for Advanced Practice Providers. (2nd ed.). Saunders.

REPLY QUOTE EMAIL AUTHOR

6 months ago

xx

RE: Week 5 Forum Initial Post
COLLAPSE

Great job on your post. According to, Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes, the recommendations for type 2 diabetes is metformin if not contraindicated or tolerated by the patient and/or insulin therapy. In patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes with an A!C greater than 10% or a blood glucose level greater than 300 mg/dL insulin therapy is considered. If the A1C is greater than 9% dual therapy is suggested. Regardless of the diabetes a patient is diagnosed with its important to educate them on diet, exercise, and the importance of blood glucose checks. Working in the STICU, we had many admits for DKA. Many patients would say they couldn’t afford their medications for their diabetes. I know this has been an ongoing issue for many of my patients over the years.  Diabetes is the 7th leading cause of death in the United States (CDC, 2020). “Type 2 diabetes accounts for approximately 90% to 95% of all diagnosed of diabetes; type 1 diabetes accounts for approximately 5-10%” (CDC, 2020). 

American Diabetes Association; 8. Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic 

Treatment: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2018. Diabetes Care 1 January

2018; 41 (Supplement_1): S73–S85. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc18-S008

CDC. (2020). Retrieved on December 28, 2021

at https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/basics/quick-facts.html

 

REPLY QUOTE EMAIL AUTHOR

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6 months ago
xx
RE: Week 5 Forum Initial Post-
COLLAPSE

Hello xx

I agree many patients we see in our ICU for DKA are very non-compliant with their medication regime due to high costs or non-compliant with lifestyle changes and diet modification. Lifestyle changes and diet must be adhered to regardless of what progression the patient is in on their medication regime but it must be made imperative when first diagnosed (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2021). I agree as our reading states that insulin therapy for type 2 diabetes should be enforced once oral medications have proven to be ineffective along with lifestyle modifications (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2021). Unlike type 1 diabetes not every patient with type 2 diabetes requires insulin therapy therefore it is important as practioners to exhaust other options before putting patients on a costly insulin regime that the patient may not be able to afford. DKA is a potentially fatal complication of diabetes and patients should be educated on the importance of glycemic control and self-monitoring blood glucose or continuous blood glucose monitoring to avoid dangerous fluctuations (ADA, 2019).

 

References

ADA. (2019). Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2019 Abridged for Primary Care Providers. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6336119

Rosenthal, L., & Burchum, J. (2021). Lehne’s Pharmacotherapeutics for Advanced Practice Providers. (2nd ed.). Saunders.

 

Discussion: Diabetes and Drug Treatments

Each year, 1.5 million Americans are diagnosed with diabetes (American Diabetes Association, 2019). If left untreated, diabetic patients are at risk for several alterations, including heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, neuropathy, and blindness. There are various methods for treating diabetes, many of which include some form of drug therapy. The type of diabetes as well as the patient’s behavior factors will impact treatment recommendations.

For this Discussion, you compare types of diabetes, including drug treatments for type 1, type 2, gestational, and juvenile diabetes.

Reference: American Diabetes Association. (2019). Statistics about diabetes. Retrieved from http://diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/statistics/

To Prepare
  • Review the Resources for this module and reflect on differences between types of diabetes, including type 1, type 2, gestational, and juvenile diabetes.
  • Select one type of diabetes to focus on for this Discussion NURS 6521 Discussion: Diabetes and Drug Treatments Example.
  • Consider one type of drug used to treat the type of diabetes you selected, including proper preparation and administration of this drug. Then, reflect on dietary considerations related to treatment.
  • Think about the short-term and long-term impact of the diabetes you selected on patients, including effects of drug treatments.
By Day 3 of Week 5

Post a brief explanation of the differences between the types of diabetes, including type 1, type 2, gestational, and juvenile diabetes. Describe one type of drug used to treat the type of diabetes you selected, including proper preparation and administration of this drug. Be sure to include dietary considerations related to treatment. Then, explain the short-term and long-term impact of this type of diabetes on patients. including effects of drug treatments. Be specific and provide examples.

By Day 6 of Week 5

Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses and respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days who selected a different type of diabetes than you did. Provide recommendations for alternative drug treatments and patient education strategies for treatment and management.

Note: For this Discussion, you are required to complete your initial post before you will be able to view and respond to your colleagues’ postings. Begin by clicking on the “Post to Discussion Question” link, and then select “Create Thread” to complete your initial post. Remember, once you click on Submit, you cannot delete or edit your own posts, and you cannot post anonymously. Please check your post carefully before clicking on Submit!

NURS_6521_Week5_Discussion_Rubric

Excellent Good Fair Poor
Main Posting
45 (45%) – 50 (50%)
Answers all parts of the discussion question(s) expectations with reflective critical analysis and synthesis of knowledge gained from the course readings for the module and current credible sources.

Supported by at least three current, credible sources.

Written clearly and concisely with no grammatical or spelling errors and fully adheres to current APA manual writing rules and style.
40 (40%) – 44 (44%)
Responds to the discussion question(s) and is reflective with critical analysis and synthesis of knowledge gained from the course readings for the module. NURS 6521 Discussion: Diabetes and Drug Treatments Example

At least 75% of post has exceptional depth and breadth.

Supported by at least three credible sources.

Written clearly and concisely with one or no grammatical or spelling errors and fully adheres to current APA manual writing rules and style.
35 (35%) – 39 (39%)
Responds to some of the discussion question(s).

One or two criteria are not addressed or are superficially addressed.

Is somewhat lacking reflection and critical analysis and synthesis.

Somewhat represents knowledge gained from the course readings for the module.

Post is cited with two credible sources.

Written somewhat concisely; may contain more than two spelling or grammatical errors.

Contains some APA formatting errors.
0 (0%) – 34 (34%)
Does not respond to the discussion question(s) adequately.

Lacks depth or superficially addresses criteria.

Lacks reflection and critical analysis and synthesis.

Does not represent knowledge gained from the course readings for the module.

Contains only one or no credible sources.

Not written clearly or concisely.

Contains more than two spelling or grammatical errors.

Does not adhere to current APA manual writing rules and style.
Main Post: Timeliness
10 (10%) – 10 (10%)
Posts main post by day 3
0 (0%) – 0 (0%)
0 (0%) – 0 (0%)
0 (0%) – 0 (0%)
Does not post by day 3
First Response
17 (17%) – 18 (18%)
Response exhibits synthesis, critical thinking, and application to practice settings.

Responds fully to questions posed by faculty.

Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by at least two scholarly sources.

Demonstrates synthesis and understanding of learning objectives.

Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues. .

Responses to faculty questions are fully answered, if posed.

Response is effectively written in standard, edited English.
15 (15%) – 16 (16%)
Response exhibits synthesis, critical thinking, and application to practice settings.

Responds fully to questions posed by faculty.

Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by at least two scholarly sources.

Demonstrates synthesis and understanding of learning objectives.

Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues. .

Responses to faculty questions are fully answered, if posed.

Response is effectively written in standard, edited English.
13 (13%) – 14 (14%)
Response is on topic and may have some depth.

Responses posted in the discussion may lack effective professional communication.

Responses to faculty questions are somewhat answered, if posed.

Response may lack clear, concise opinions and ideas, and a few or no credible sources are cited.
0 (0%) – 12 (12%)
Response may not be on topic and lacks depth.

Responses posted in the discussion lack effective professional communication.

Responses to faculty questions are missing.

No credible sources are cited. NURS 6521 Discussion: Diabetes and Drug Treatments Example
Second Response
16 (16%) – 17 (17%)
Response exhibits synthesis, critical thinking, and application to practice settings.

Responds fully to questions posed by faculty.

Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by at least two scholarly sources.

Demonstrates synthesis and understanding of learning objectives.

Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues. .

Responses to faculty questions are fully answered, if posed.

Response is effectively written in standard, edited English.
14 (14%) – 15 (15%)
Response exhibits critical thinking and application to practice settings.

Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues.

Responses to faculty questions are answered, if posed.

Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by two or more credible sources.

Response is effectively written in standard, edited English.
12 (12%) – 13 (13%)
Response is on topic and may have some depth.

Responses posted in the discussion may lack effective professional communication.

Responses to faculty questions are somewhat answered, if posed. .

Response may lack clear, concise opinions and ideas, and a few or no credible sources are cited.
0 (0%) – 11 (11%)
Response may not be on topic and lacks depth.

Responses posted in the discussion lack effective professional communication.

Responses to faculty questions are missing.

No credible sources are cited.
Participation
5 (5%) – 5 (5%)
Meets requirements for participation by posting on three different days.
0 (0%) – 0 (0%)
0 (0%) – 0 (0%)
0 (0%) – 0 (0%)
Does not meet requirements for participation by posting on 3 different days
Total Points: 100

Name: NURS_6521_Week5_Discussion_Rubric – NURS 6521 Discussion: Diabetes and Drug Treatments Example