Prevalence And Trends Of Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors And Their Effect On Age Of Diagnosis In Patients Essay

Prevalence And Trends Of Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors And Their Effect On Age Of Diagnosis In Patients Essay

Coronary Artery Disease

Heart disease is a common phrase to refer to diverse conditions affecting the heart and how it works. According to Hosseini et al. (2021), Coronary Heart Disease (CAD) is a common condition affecting the heart whereby the major blood vessels supplying the heart with oxygenated blood struggle to deliver enough oxygen, nutrients, and blood to the heart muscles. It is the most common heart disease in America and the leading cause of death in the country. The disease is denoted by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle Prevalence And Trends Of Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors And Their Effect On Age Of Diagnosis In Patients Essay.

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The CAD disease develops over time, and symptoms may go unnoticed until a severe artery blockage occurs. The disease develops when plaque builds in the walls of the artery. The plaque is usually cholesterol deposits that cause the arteries to narrow and results in partial or total blockage of blood flow. Regarding the disease pathophysiology, the hallmark of CAD is related to atherosclerotic plaque or fatty materials, which reduce the size of the artery, impeding blood flow.

Coronary artery disease, however, results from a combination of factors that can be regarded as modifiable and non-modifiable (Coronary Artery Disease | cdc.gov, 2021). Healthcare providers must focus more on the modifiable factors during every routine visit. Some disease risk factors include diabetes, lipid levels, and hypertension, with an increased focus on the need for smoking cessation, weight and exercise as key aspects which can make a massive difference (Hosseini et al., 2021). Others include unhealthy diet, stress, kidney disease, high blood pressure and cholesterol, age, sex, and family history.

Numerous hormones play diverse roles in cardiac function. Some of these hormones include; endothelin, aldosterone, and epinephrine, among others. Endothelin is responsible for the constrictions of blood vessels hence raising blood pressure. These types of hormones are kept in balance by other mechanisms. Secondly, there is the aldosterone which is responsible for maintaining the water and salt balance in the body; hence this hormone has a critical role or influence on blood volume and pressure (Coronary Artery Disease | cdc.gov, 2021,). Finally, there is epinephrine, adrenaline, a hormone released to react or deal with strong emotions such as fears and anger. The hormone is responsible for blood pressure and heart rate.

References

Coronary Artery Disease | cdc.gov. (2021, July 19). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved June 20, 2022, from https://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/coronary_ad.htm#:%7E:text=Coronary%20artery%20disease%20is%20caused,This%20process%20is%20called%20atherosclerosis Prevalence And Trends Of Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors And Their Effect On Age Of Diagnosis In Patients Essay.

Hosseini, K., Seyedeh, H. M., Sadeghian, S., Ayati, A., Nalini, M., Aminorroaya, A., Tavolinejad, H., Salarifar, M., Pourhosseini, H., Aein, A., Jalali, A., Bozorgi, A., Mehrani, M., & Kamangar, F. (2021). Prevalence and trends of coronary artery disease risk factors and their effect on age of diagnosis in patients with established coronary artery disease: Tehran heart center (2005–2015). BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, 21, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-021-02293-y Prevalence And Trends Of Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors And Their Effect On Age Of Diagnosis In Patients Essay