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Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Cognitive Impairments Discussion

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Cognitive Impairments Discussion

Types of diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a lifelong condition affecting individuals with high glucose level. It presents itself in three forms; type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes (Schmidt, 2018).  Type 1 diabetes, commonly known as juvenile-onset diabetes, is predominant among teenagers and kids. It is insulin-dependent and occurs when a person’s antibodies attack the pancreas, damaging and inhibiting it from producing insulin (Li et al, 2018) Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Cognitive Impairments Discussion.

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Consequently, type 2 diabetes occurs when the pancreas produces insufficient insulin or when the body cells repel the insulin produced. It is common among obese and insulin resistance individuals (Schmidt, 2018). Unlike type 1, type 2 diabetes is less complex and less aggressive. Lastly, type 3 diabetes, unlike type 1 and 2, occurs in pregnant women who are in their 2nd or 3rd trimester. It is caused by hormonal changes and metabolic demands during pregnancy as well as environmental and genetic factors (Schmidt, 2018). Gestational diabetes fades away post-pregnancy.

Type of drug

  • The drug commonly used to treat type 1 diabetes is regular insulin.

Preparation and administration

  • Match the insulin with a specific syringe, for instance, select and fill U-100 insulin syringe with standard insulin using dry and clean hands (Li et al., 2018).
  • If the syringe contains air bubbles, push and pull them continuously to the insulin bottle to get the right dosage.
  • Choose a clean, dry, and non-bruised spot for administering injection.
  • Pinch the skin and place the needle in 45 degrees angle (Li et al., 2018).
  • Inject the insulin slowly and steadily (Li et al., 2018).

Dietary considerations

  • Nutritious, high-fiber, and low-fat foods (whole grains, vegetables, and fruits).
  • Eliminate refined carbohydrates and animal products Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Cognitive Impairments Discussion.

Short term and long term impact

  • Short-term: hypoglycaemia and hyperglycemia
  • Long-term: increased risk of neuropathy, nephropathy, heart attack, and coronary artery disease (Lu & Zhao, 2020).

Effects of drug treatment

  • The patient may suffer from hypokalemia, hypoglycaemia, and life threatening allergies like anaphylaxis (Lu & Zhao, 2020).

 

 

References

Li, W., Huang, E., & Gao, S. (2018). Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Cognitive Impairments: A Systematic Review. Journal of Alzheimer’s disease: JAD, 57(1), 29–36. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-161250

Lu, X., & Zhao, C. (2020). Exercise and Type 1 Diabetes. Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 1228, 107–121. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1792-1_7

Schmidt A. M. (2018). Highlighting Diabetes Mellitus: The Epidemic Continues. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology, 38(1), e1–e8. https://doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.117.310221 Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Cognitive Impairments Discussion